Compulsory Licensing
Contents |
Internet Workshop
Access and development: pharmaceuticals and the developing world
Developing PHM Oz analysis and action
Tuesday 10 July, 7:30pm (Melbourne time)
To be held using Paltalk internet software: see Internet Workshops for how to participate.
Program
The workshop will follow on from our first two workshops in February and March. Please prepare by reading the short powerpoint files from the previous workshops and the resources below.
Convenor: David Legge
Review of progress on the IP and health project.
See
For technical assistance in preparing to participate, please see the Internet Workshops page.
Resources
If you would like to add to this page, please see the Website Instructions for editing the Wiki.
Facts about compulsory licensing
WTO documents give a good overview of compulsory licensing and the key dates and documents: Fact Sheet Sept 2006 PDF file
Technical Note on pharmaceutical patents and the TRIPS agreement Web link
MSF documents are quite illuminating in how this fits into practical usage: PDF file, Web link
Report of WHO Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health
Web link
-- Chapter six: Towards a sustainable plan to promote innovation and access (concluding chapter) PDF file
Legal Framework for Compulsory License Drugs, Knowledge Ecology International, 16 March 2007 PDF file
Washington College of Law, Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, background on Thailand's compulsory licenses Web link
News articles
Brazil breaks AIDS drug patent with generic version from India
May 5, 2007: Brazil President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has authorised the country to break the patent on an AIDS drug made by Merck & Co - importing a generic version from India instead. It`s the first time Brazil has bypassed a patent to acquire cheaper drugs for its AIDS prevention program.
Access full article
Brazil bypasses patent on U.S. AIDS drug
May 4, 2007: [BRASILIA, Brazil] President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva took steps Friday to let Brazil buy or produce an inexpensive generic version of an AIDS drug made by Merck & Co. despite the U.S. drug company's patent.
Access full article
Thailand's Lawful Compulsory Licensing and Abbott's Anticompetitive Response
April 26, 2007: This report explains why (1)
Thailand was fully within its rights under its own law and under the WTO
TRIPS agreement in issuing compulsory licenses to procure medicines, and
(2) why Abbott's refusal to supply several medicines to Thailand in
response, and its refusal to license generic provision of its products
before the license, may violate Thailand's Competition Act.
Access full article
AIDS Activists Call for Global Boycott of Abbott for Withholding Drug Sales in Thailand
Thursday, April 26th, 2007: AIDS activists from around the globe are converging in Illinois on Friday to protest outside the annual shareholders meeting of the pharmaceutical company Abbott Laboratories.
Read full article
Brazilian Government declares Efavirenz to be of public interest
25 April 2007: Brazil has begun a process which may culminate in the compulsory licensing of the patent of the antiretroviral drug Efavirenz. The Minister of Health, José Gomes Temporão, signed Ministerial Ordinance 866, published today in the Federal Official Gazette, declaring Efavirenz to be of public interest for the purposes of granting compulsory licensing for non-commercial public use.
Read full article
Abbott to cut AIDS drug price in 40 poor countries
CHICAGO (Reuters) 11 April 2007: Abbott Laboratories Inc., widely criticized for aggressive pricing of its AIDS medicines in developing countries, said on Tuesday it would slash the price of a key AIDS drug by more than half in more than 40 poor countries.
Read full article
Notes from March 16th 2007 U.S. Capitol Briefing on Thailand’s Compulsory Licenses
16 March 2007: On Friday, March 16, KEI organized a briefing in the U.S. Capitol on Thailand’s recent compulsory licenses on three drugs; two for HIV/AIDS (Merck’s efavirenz (Stocrin) and Abbott’s lopinavir + ritonavir (Kaletra)) and one for heart disease (Sanofi’s clopidogrel (Plavix)).
Read full article
MSF Denounces Abbott’s Move to Withhold Medicines From People in Thailand
15 March 2007: The international medical humanitarian organization Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) today denounced Abbott Laboratories’ decision not to market its new medicines in Thailand.
Read full article
A New Low in the Pharma Drug Wars - Abbott Withdraws Seven Medicines in Thailand
14 March 2007: Brook K. Baker, Health GAP. How low will drug companies go to protect their intellectual property empire?
Read full article
Thailand stands up to Abbott
13 March 2007: When Thailand went ahead with a compulsory license on Kaletra, an AIDS drug, despite threats from Abbott the maker of the drug, the latter hit back by withdrawing the registration of a new heat stable form of Kaletra and six other drugs. The likely outcome will be more deaths of innocent patients.
Read full article
India: Former Swiss President joins chorus against Novartis' patent challenge
15 February 2007:
More prominent figures have joined the chorus of over 300,000 people worldwide voicing concerns about Novartis’ legal challenge against the Indian government and its impact on access to essential medicines across the globe.
Read full article
WHO DG regrets her reported remarks on Thai compulsory licenses
15 February 2007: The WHO Director General Dr. Margaret Chan, has sent a letter to Thailand's Health Minister expressing regret for the embarrassment caused to his government by remarks she was reported to have made in Bangkok that were critical of the compulsory licenses granted by the government for three medicines.
Read full article
Thailand backs off threat to break drug patents
8 Feb 2007: [BANGKOK] Thailand has delayed breaking the patent of an AIDS drug and a heart medicine, and entered into negotiations with drug firms to lower the price so that more people can be treated.
Read full article
Stephen Lewis Criticises Margaret Chan
4 Feb 2007: Stephen Lewis, former UN Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa, calls for World Health Organization director Margaret Chan to reverse her support of drug companies over governments trying to provide medicines for their peoples. His remarks were recorded at the Global Justice student conference in Washington, DC, on February 4.
Video [1]
Fight AIDS [2]
WHO Chief's Stand on Generic Drugs Slammed
BANGKOK, Feb 2 (IPS) - Civil society and humanitarian groups slammed the new head of the World Health Organisation (WHO), on the sidelines of a meeting here, after she appeared to favour the interests of pharmaceutical giants over the plight of the sick and the poor in the developing world.
Full article available from IPS: [3]
Thailand approves copycat drugs
January 30, 2007: THAILAND'S army appointed government said today it had approved a cheap, copycat heart disease drug, the first time a developing country has ignored an international patent for such a treatment.
Full article available from The Australian: [4]
Thailand throws down gauntlet to drug giants
30 Jan 2007: IN A precedent-setting challenge to global drug companies, Thailand has become the first developing country to issue a compulsory licence to manufacture a generic drug that is not AIDS related.
Follow link to Sydney Morning Herald article.
[5]]
Thailand Invokes WTO Rule To Sell Generics For HIV And Heart Disease Drugs
30 Jan 2007: Thailand has invoked a World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement on
intellectual property rights to allow the manufacture, purchase and sale
of generic versions of two drugs for heart disease and HIV/AIDS in the
country.
Full article available online here
US activists try to deliver coffin to Novartis over Indian patent case
29 Jan: WASHINGTON (AFP) - Non-governmental groups tried to deliver a mini coffin to Swiss pharmaceuticals giant Novartis to protest legal action aiming to overturn a ban on a drug patent application in India.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20070129/hl_afp/usindiapharmacompany_070129215623
WHO’s mandate on IPRs under US attack
12 Dec 2006: At the recent meeting of WHO’s international working group on public health, innovation and intellectual property, the US challenged WHO’s work on the impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs).
Read full article here
Other information
All costs, no benefits: How TRIPS-plus intellectual property rules in the US-Jordan FTA affect access to medicines
March 2007, Oxfam Briefing paper: The USA continues to impose TRIPS-plus rules on developing countries, thus preventing poor people from accessing inexpensive, generic medicines. Jordan was required under the terms of its WTO accession package and its free trade agreement (FTA) with the USA to introduce TRIPS-plus rules. Medicine prices have increased drastically, and TRIPS-plus rules were partly responsible for this increase.
http://www.oxfam.org/en/policy/briefingpapers/bp102_jordan_us_fta
Rep Waxman letter to Novartis on Indian legal challenge
Read the letter here
Open Letter to WHO/UNAIDS India re Margaret Chan's comments on Thai Compulsory License
Read the letter here
WHO DG Chan Shocking Views Criticised by NGOs (Martin Khor, 5 Feb 07)
Read a Comment from PHM member on Chan's visit to Bangkok re Thai Compulsory License
MSF Petition regarding Novartis
http://www.msf.org/petition_india/can_eng.html
Patents versus Patients: Five years after the Doha Declaration
November 2006, Oxfam Briefing paper: Five years ago, members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) signed a ministerial agreement to ensure that intellectual property rules would no longer obstruct developing countries’ efforts to protect public health. Since then, however, little has changed. Patented medicines continue to be priced out of reach for the world’s poorest people. Trade rules remain a major barrier to accessing affordable versions of patented medicines (generic medicines). The prevalence of debilitating and life-threatening diseases in poor countries is growing, but medicines are simply not available. Urgent action is needed.
http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/issues/health/bp95_patents.htm
Public Health at Risk: A US Free Trade Agreement could threaten access to medicines in Thailand
April 2006, Oxfam Briefing paper: New stringent drug patent and marketing rules being negotiated in a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the US and Thailand would limit competition and reduce access to affordable medicines in Thailand. This would threaten the future of existing successful Thai HIV/AIDS treatment programmes, which rely on inexpensive generic drugs, and thus deprive thousands of people of effective treatment. Oxfam opposes an FTA with intellectual property rules that exceed the standards agreed at the World Trade Organization.
http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/issues/health/bp86_thailand.htm
Journal articles
Please note, you will need access to the New England Journal of Medicine to read these articles. Most university libraries will provide access on site if you do not have online access.
Thailand and the Compulsory Licensing of Efavirenz' Robert Steinbrook NEJM Volume 356:544-546
Of the many medicines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, efavirenz, a nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor that became available in the late 1990s, is one of the most important. For the initial treatment of adults, the combination of efavirenz and two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors "has become a standard-of-care comparator in clinical trials," according to Hammer et al.1 Moreover, efavirenz is available in a fixed-dose combination tablet with the nucleoside analogues emtricitabine and tenofovir; this tablet is taken only once a day. Efavirenz can cause birth defects when taken during the first trimester of pregnancy, so its use is restricted in . . . .
Taking TRIPS to India — Novartis, Patent Law, and Access to Medicines Janice M. Mueller NEJM Volume 356:541-543
In August and September 2006, patients with cancer, lawyers for patient advocacy groups, and representatives of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) converged on the offices of Novartis in Mumbai, India, to protest the company's efforts to obtain an Indian patent on Gleevec, the company's brand-name version of imatinib mesylate. Gleevec (spelled Glivec outside the United States) is used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia, and Novartis has patented the drug in 35 countries. The protesters also decried the drug's high price: Novartis sells it in India (where only 5% of people have private health insurance) for $26,000 per year; generic-drug manufacturers offer the drug at less than one tenth that price....
